As a sustainable energy source, solar power systems are becoming more and more common. But not everyone understands the key components that make these systems work efficiently. In addition to the familiar solar panels that capture the sun’s energy, specialized solar cables are essential for transferring that energy to where it can be used.
Of these, DC and AC cables are the two most commonly used types in solar systems. Getting to know these cables and what they do can really help you grasp how solar power systems work. Plus, it makes it easier to tell them apart and pick the right one for your needs. Let’s explore what each cable offers in more detail:
Solar cable-connecting solar panels.
Solar cable or photovoltaic wire is a specialized cable used to interconnect photovoltaic (solar) systems. The core components of PV wire include the conductor, which is usually made of bare or tinned copper. The insulation of PV wire is usually made of cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE), a material chosen for its strong resistance to environmental factors such as ozone, UV radiation and moisture. As a result, it shows good performance even under the harsh conditions of solar power installations. PV Wire meets UL Standard 4703.
Key Characteristics of PV Wire:
High Voltage Ratings: PV wire is designed for high voltage applications and is available from 600V to 2000V. Flexibility to meet different photovoltaic system requirements.
Temperature Rating: This wire is capable of withstanding high temperatures, up to +90°C in humid conditions and +150°C in dry conditions. It is suitable for a wide range of climatic conditions and installations.
Superior Protection: XLPE insulation protects against harsh environmental elements. It guarantees longevity and sturdiness.
Durability and Reliability: Thick insulation makes it suitable for direct burial applications. It can effectively serve both grounded and ungrounded PV arrays.
Solar cable types
In solar power projects, different types of solar cables perform a key role in the efficient transmission of electricity. Both DC and AC cables are indispensable components.
Type 1-DC solar cable
DC solar cables are one of the most important types of cables used in photovoltaic (PV) systems. These single-core copper cables are equipped with insulation and sheathing and are integrated in solar panels as module or string cables. Most solar systems come with DC cables that can be integrated with appropriate connectors to ensure efficient energy transfer. However, this cannot be changed after installation.
In some cases, DC string solar cables are required to connect multiple solar panels to form cohesive and efficient solar arrays. These specialized cables ensure reliable performance and optimal energy flow from the interconnected panels. It is very important in advanced solar power systems.
Type 2-Solar DC main cable
Solar DC mains cables are the main power collectors. The cables transfer energy by connecting the positive and negative terminals from the generator junction box to the central inverter. They are available in single and double core configurations. Single-core conductors are highly reliable because they are double insulated.
For optimal performance of solar power systems, experts recommend the use of DC mains solar cables, especially for outdoor installations. Twin-core DC cables are ideal for wiring between solar inverters and generator junction boxes. Common sizes include 2 mm, 4 mm and 6 mm to meet a variety of installation needs.
Type 3-AC connection cable
The AC connection cable is an important component for connecting the solar inverter to the protection equipment and the power grid. For small photovoltaic (PV) systems using three-phase inverters, a five-conductor AC cable is typically used. The cable consists of three live wires, a ground wire and a neutral wire for safe power distribution.
When using a PV system with a single-phase inverter, a three-conductor AC cable is recommended. This setup consists of a live wire, a ground wire, and a neutral wire and provides a simplified connection to the grid. Proper selection of AC connection cables can improve the performance and reliability of your solar power system.
Click to see further comparisons on DC and AC cables：AC vs. DC Current: Difference And Explained
In addition to this, what other common and heavily used solar cables are on the market?
- Armoured Solar Cable
Armored solar cable designed for solar power installations. It has a steel tape layer to resist mechanical stress. It consists of a tinned copper conductor with XLPO insulation and a PVC or XLPO jacket.
- Aluminum Solar Cable
Aluminum solar cable or aluminum PV cable connects solar panels to inverters, charge controllers and the grid. It is made of lightweight, flexible aluminum conductors and double XLPO construction. It is corrosion-resistant, UV-resistant and popular for large-scale solar installations.
Speaking of finding the best solar cable products, ZW cable manufacturer is your best choice. ZW cable offers the above mentioned cable types and we can also customize them according to your needs and different sizes! Some of the best selling sizes such as: 4mm Solar Cable,6mm Solar Cable, 8 awg solar cable,PV Wire 10 AWG.
What you should know about choosing the Right Solar Cable
System Voltage-Ensure the voltage rating of solar cables matches or exceeds your system’s maximum voltage. For instance, a 1000V system requires cables rated at least 1000V to prevent electrical breakdown and ensure safe operation.
Current Capacity-Choose cables that can handle the maximum current from your solar panels without overheating. For example, a 10AWG copper cable is suitable for systems that produce up to 30A, considering temperature and other factors.
Environmental Conditions-Select cables designed for your installation environment. In extreme climates, use cables with robust insulation, like PV cables with UV-resistant jacketing, to withstand temperature variations and moisture for long-term reliability.
Conclusion
In the end, knowing the different types of solar cables is key to getting the best performance from your solar energy system. Each type has its own perks and needs to be chosen carefully because of how they’re built. Choosing ZW cable increases safety and protects the environment for a green energy win-win.
